Characterization of Stream Reaeration Capacity

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"The purposes of this research have been to characterize stream reaeration capacity in terms of the stream hydraulic properties and to develop procedures for evaluating the effects of pollutants on reaeration. Field studies of the reaeration capacity and the association hydraulic properties of five rivers have been completed, using a gaseous tracer procedure for field measurement of reaeration. These studies have incorporated a wide range of hydraulic features, such as waterfalls, rapids, shoals and pools, with stream flows ranging from 5 to 3,000 cfs. The range of BOD's and temperatures encountered was also large. Studies of the effects of both pure substances and community wastes on the reaeration capacity have been conducted in a newly designed test system. Test of observed vs. predicted values of K2 have shown that none of the available models, e.g., O'Connor, Churchill, etc. is capable of providing dependable predictions of stream reaeration capacity, especially under highly turbulent flow conditions. A new energy dissipation model has been derived, by which the reaeration capacity of a stream is explained in terms of the rate of energy dissipation, measured as the loss of water surface elevation divided by the time of flow. Two distinct forms of the energy dissipation model have been tested against the observed results, and it has been shown that both forms provide dependable predictions of stream reaeration capacity. The tests of pollutant effects have shown the LAS and community wastes decrease the reaeration rate coefficient, pure NTA has no effect, and pure mineral oil increases the reaeration rate coefficient." -- page iii

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