Anika Binnendijk

Russia, NATO, and Black Sea Security

Russia has long used political, military, economic, informational, and clandestine tools against countries in the Black Sea region. In this report, th...

Gaining Competitive Advantage in the Gray Zone

Response Options for Coercive Aggression Below the Threshold of Major War

The United States is entering a period of intensifying strategic competition with several rivals, most notably Russia and China. U.S. officials expect...

Understanding Russian Black Sea Power Dynamics Through National Security Gaming

The author explores Russian military, economic, and political levers of power in the Black Sea through targeted research and an original RAND Black Se...

Turkey's Nationalist Course

Implications for the U.S.-Turkish Strategic Partnership and the U.S. Army

The longstanding U.S. strategic partnership with Turkey, a powerful NATO ally, has become strained in recent years. RAND researchers assess challenges...

Civilian-Based Resistance in the Baltic States

Historical Precedents and Current Capabilities

In the event of an occupation of Estonia, Latvia, or Lithuania, a conventional military intervention by allies--including the North Atlantic Treaty Or...

Alternative Futures Following a Great Power War

Scenarios, Findings, and Recommendations

RAND researchers generated four plausible near-term great power war scenarios and assessed how they could shape the postwar strategic environment....

An Attack Against Them All?

Drivers of Decisions to Contribute to NATO Collective Defense

Russia's 2014 annexation of Crimea and military operations in Eastern Ukraine have prompted renewed discussion about the possibility of a Russian atta...

Overcoming Barriers to Working with Highly Capable Allies and Partners in the Air, Space, and Cyber Domains

An Exploratory Analysis

In this report, the authors consider how the United States can enhance engagement with highly capable allies and partners to improve interoperability ...

Russian Military Personnel Policy and Proficiency

Reforms and Trends, 1991-2021

During the initial post-Soviet years, the personnel system of the Russian Armed Forces experienced pervasive challenges because of budget limitations ...

At the Vanguard

European Contributions to NATO's Future Combat Airpower

Europe's air forces have the opportunity to make increasingly pronounced contributions to NATO's defense and deterrent posture in combat air campaigns...