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The search for life in the solar system and beyond has to date been governed by a model based on what we know about life on Earth (terran life). Most ...
Addressing Grand Challenges
Environmental engineers support the well-being of people and the planet in areas where the two intersect. Over the decades the field has improved coun...
The First 50 Years of Scientific Achievements
Over the past 50 years, thousands of satellites have been sent into space on missions to collect data about the Earth. Today, the ability to forecast ...
Research Questions for a Changing Planet
Questions about the origin and nature of Earth and the life on it have long preoccupied human thought and the scientific endeavor. Deciphering the pla...
One of the pathways by which the scientific community confirms the validity of a new scientific discovery is by repeating the research that produced i...
Understanding the Biotic Effects of Future Environmental Change
In order to answer important questions about ecosystems and biodiversity, scientists can look to the past geological recordâ€"which includes fossil...
Opportunities and Research Requirements
People are constantly changing the land surface through construction, agriculture, energy production, and other activities. Changes both in how land i...
Improving the Outlook for Sustainability
This book addresses the technical, health, regulatory, and social aspects of ground water withdrawals, water use, and water quality in the metropolita...
Research Priorities for Earth Science and Public Health
A range of natural earth materials, like arsenic or fluoride, have long been linked to significant human health effects. Improved understanding of the...
Naturally occurring radionuclides are found throughout the earth's crust, and they form part of the natural background of radiation to which all human...
Addressing Grand Challenges, 2018
"The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a committee of prominent environmental engineers, scientists, and policy exper...
Experiences and Prospects
Genetically engineered (GE) crops were first introduced commercially in the 1990s. After two decades of production, some groups and individuals remain...
New Horizons for Research on Earth's Surface
During geologic spans of time, Earth's shifting tectonic plates, atmosphere, freezing water, thawing ice, flowing rivers, and evolving life have shape...
Methods to Support International Climate Agreements
The world's nations are moving toward agreements that will bind us together in an effort to limit future greenhouse gas emissions. With such agreement...
Science and Services to Meet Critical Societal Needs
The past 15 years have seen marked progress in observing, understanding, and predicting weather. At the same time, the United States has failed to mat...
Climate change is occurring. It is very likely caused by the emission of greenhouse gases from human activities, and poses significant risks for a ran...
A National Strategy to Meet the Challenges of a Changing Ocean
The ocean has absorbed a significant portion of all human-made carbon dioxide emissions. This benefits human society by moderating the rate of climate...
In this century, the United States will be challenged to provide sufficient quantities of high-quality water to its growing population. Water is a lim...
Volume 3
The most recent volume in the Drinking Water and Health series contains the results of a two-part study on the toxicity of drinking water contaminants...
Summary of a Workshop
The Arctic has been undergoing significant changes in recent years. Average temperatures are rising twice as fast as they are elsewhere in the world. ...
Facilitating Transdisciplinary Integration of Life Sciences, Physical Sciences, Engineering, and Beyond
Convergence of the life sciences with fields including physical, chemical, mathematical, computational, engineering, and social sciences is a key stra...
A Vision and a Strategy
Advances in molecular biology and toxicology are paving the way for major improvements in the evaluation of the hazards posed by the large number of c...
Mercury is widespread in our environment. Methylmercury, one organic form of mercury, can accumulate up the aquatic food chain and lead to high concen...
A Research Agenda
To achieve goals for climate and economic growth, "negative emissions technologies" (NETs) that remove and sequester carbon dioxide from the air will ...
Technologies for Separations and Transmutation
Disposal of radioactive waste from nuclear weapons production and power generation has caused public outcry and political consternation. Nuclear Waste...
The hominin fossil record documents a history of critical evolutionary events that have ultimately shaped and defined what it means to be human, inclu...
Measuring Exposures and Assessing Health Effects
This comprehensive book examines the recent research investigating the characteristics and composition of different types of environmental tobacco smo...
Many federal funding requests for more advanced computer resources assume implicitly that greater computing power creates opportunities for advancemen...
Goals, Strategies, and Challenges
The so-called nuclear renaissance has increased worldwide interest in nuclear power. This potential growth also has increased, in some quarters, conce...
Reflecting Sunlight to Cool Earth
The growing problem of changing environmental conditions caused by climate destabilization is well recognized as one of the defining issues of our tim...
To control the migration of radioactive and hazardous wastes currently contained underground, barriers made of natural materials and man-made substanc...
The Future of Seafloor Observatory Science
Despite our reliance on the ocean and its resources, it remains a frontier for scientific exploration and discovery. Seafloor observatoriesâ€"unman...
The Challenge of Forecasting Costs
Biomedical research results in the collection and storage of increasingly large and complex data sets. Preserving those data so that they are discover...
Biomonitoring—a method for measuring amounts of toxic chemicals in human tissues—is a valuable tool for studying potentially harmful environmental...
In response to a request from Congress, Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2,000 Years assesses the state of scientific efforts to recon...
Proceedings of a Workshop
Modern geoscience research informs many important decisions and projects, such as geological disaster preparation, natural resource extraction, and gl...
Nonindigenous plants and plant pests that find their way to the United States and become invasive can often cause problems. They cost more than $100 b...
Advancing Science, Navigating Uncertainty, and Aligning Research with Public Values
Research on gene drive systems is rapidly advancing. Many proposed applications of gene drive research aim to solve environmental and public health ch...
Ignition of upholstered furniture by small open flames from matches, cigarette lighters, and candles is one of the leading causes of residential-fire ...
Water is essential to life for humans and their food crops, and for ecosystems. Effective water management requires tracking the inflow, outflow, quan...