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From Principle to Practice
Energy taxes can produce substantial environmental and revenue benefits and are an important component of countries’ fiscal systems. Although the pr...
Principles from Theory and Practice to Date
This paper recommends a system of upstream taxes on fossil fuels, combined with refunds for downstream emissions capture, to reduce carbon and local p...
Fiscal, Macroeconomic and Financial Implications of Global Climate Change
This paper discusses the implications of climate change for fiscal, financial, and macroeconomic policies. Most pressing is the use of carbon taxes (o...
This paper provides a comprehensive, updated picture of energy subsidies at the global and regional levels. It focuses on the broad notion of post-tax...
Germany has set national greenhouse emissions targets of a 65 percent reduction below 1990 levels by 2030 and net zero emissions by 2045, along with v...
To stabilize the climate, global greenhouse gas emissions must be cut by 25 to 50 percent by 2030 compared to 2019. Such an unprecedented rate of deca...
This paper calculates, for the top twenty emitting countries, how much pricing of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is in their own national interests du...
This Climate Note discusses the rationale, design, and impacts of border carbon adjustments (BCAs), charges on embodied carbon in imports potentially ...
Internationally coordinated climate mitigation policies can effectively put the world on a path toward achieving the agreed Paris temperature goals. S...
A Guide for Policymakers
Efforts to control atmospheric accumulations of greenhouse gases that threaten to heat up the planet are in their infancy. Although the IMF is not an ...
Which Policies Are Most Effective?
For the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change, China pledged to reduce the carbon dioxide (CO2) intensity of GDP by 60–65 percent below 2005 levels...
An Application to Mauritius
Fiscal instruments are potentially among the most effective, and cost-effective, options for addressing externalities related to poor air quality, urb...
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Urgent action to cut greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is needed now. Early next year, all countries will set new emissions targets for 2035 while revisi...
Assessing the Options
Spreadsheet models are used to assess the environmental, fiscal, economic, and incidence effects of a wide range of options for reducing fossil fuel u...
There is growing interest in international coordination over climate mitigation policy. Climate clubs or international carbon price floors could compl...
100 Commentaries on Climate, Energy, the Environment, Transportation, and Public Health Policy
Issues of the Day provides an easy way for students, academics, journalists, policymakers, and the public to learn about a diverse range of policy iss...
Urgent and aggressive action to cut greenhouse gas emissions this decade is needed. As countries take stock of the Paris Agreement, this Note provides...
The Urgent Need for a Global Carbon Tax on Aviation and Shipping
The need to decarbonize international aviation and maritime has long been overlooked. The two sectors account for a small but rapidly growing share of...
Energy taxes can produce substantial environmental and revenue benefits and are an important component of countries' fiscal systems. Although the prin...
A Review and Synthesis
Commonly cited environmental instruments in the legal, regulatory, and fiscal domains are intended primarily to address market failures to ensure that...
This paper assesses the Brazilian economy's exposure to climate change focusing on two key areas: agriculture and hydropower. While climate vulnerabil...
Limiting global warming to 1.5 to 2°C above preindustrial levels requires rapid cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. This includes methane, which has an...
The pan-Canadian approach to carbon pricing, announced in October 2016, ensures that carbon pricing applies throughout Canada in 2018, with increasing...
This paper explores the interactions between taxes on work-related traffic congestion and pre-existing distortionary taxes in the labor market. A cong...
An Application to Chile
Gasoline and diesel fuel are heavily taxed in many developed and some emerging and developing countries. Outside of the United States and Europe, howe...
Accelerating a Global Just Transition in This Decade
To contain global warming to between 2°C and 1.5°C, global greenhouse gas emissions must be cut 25 to 50 percent below 2019 levels by 2030. Even if ...
Recent studies find that environmental tax swaps typically exacerbate the costs of the tax system and therefore do not produce a "double dividend". We...
Recent studies find that environmental tax swaps typically exacerbate the costs of the tax system and therefore do not produce a double dividend. This...