Mr.Gerd Schwartz

Women, Work, and the Economy:Macroeconomic Gains from Gender Equity

The proposed SDN discusses the specific macro-critical aspects of women’s participation in the labor market and the constraints that prevent women f...

Women, Work, and the Economy:Macroeconomic Gains from Gender Equity

The proposed SDN discusses the specific macro-critical aspects of women’s participation in the labor market and the constraints that prevent women f...

Government Subsidies

Concepts, International Trends, and Reform Options

This paper addresses the problems of defining and measuring government subsidies, examines why and how government subsidies are used as a fiscal polic...

Reforming Fiscal Governance in the European Union

Successive reforms have brought many positive elements to the European Union’s fiscal framework. But they have also increased its complexity. The cu...

Output Decline and Government Expenditures in European Transition Economies

This paper discusses the role of government expenditure policies in the decline in aggregate output in European transition economies. It is argued tha...

The Distributional Effects of Public Expenditure

Update and Overview

It is commonly agreed that economic policies, including budgetary policies, can have potentially strong distributional effects. Traditional economic a...

Toward An Economic Theory of Multilateral Development Banking

This paper addresses an apparent lack of economic theory in the analysis of multilateral development bank (MDB) behavior. A simple comparative statics...

Currency Substitution

The Recent Experience of Bolivia

This paper analyzes the determinants of currency substitution in Bolivia in the period following the 1984/85 hyperinflation. We find that expected exc...

Poland

The Social Safety Net During the Transition

This paper argues that the brunt of the reform-induced increase in Polish social expenditures has been borne by social insurance arrangements (mainly ...

Fiscal Policy and Public Investment

Over the past three decades, public spending on infrastructure, as a share of GDP, has been on the decline worldwide. Although the link between infras...

Poland

The Path to a Market Economy

Poland's economy rebounded dramatically in 1992-93, several years after the nation embarded on a comprehensive program of economic transformation. Thi...

Economic Determinants of Government Subsidies

The paper studies the economic determinants of government subsidies using panel data for 40 countries over 18 years (from 1975 to 1992) and finds that...

Mitigating the Social Costs of the Economic Crisis and the Reform Programs in Asia

This paper presents a preliminary analysis of the likely social impact of the economic crisis and the reform programs in three Asian countries—Indon...

The Role of Fiscal Policy in Sustainable Stabilization

Evidence From Latin America

This paper reviews the role of fiscal policy in a number of stabilization programs in Latin America since the early 1980s. The paper highlights the im...