Ms.Anna Ilyina

Emigration and Its Economic Impact on Eastern Europe

This paper analyses the impact of large and persistent emigration from Eastern European countries over the past 25 years on these countries’ growth ...

Demographic Headwinds in Central and Eastern Europe

The populations of Central and Eastern European (CESEE) countries—with the exception of Turkey—are expected to decrease significantly over the nex...

Geo-Economic Fragmentation and the Future of Multilateralism

After several decades of increasing global economic integration, the world is facing the risk of policy-driven geoeconomic fragmentation (GEF). This n...

A Strategy for Resolving Europe's Problem Loans

Europe’s banking system is weighed down by high levels of non-performing loans (NPLs), which are holding down credit growth and economic activity. T...

The Too-Important-to-Fail Conundrum

Impossible to Ignore and Difficult to Resolve

DISCLAIMER: This Staff Discussion Note represents the views of the authors and does not necessarily represent IMF views or IMF policy. The views expre...